Archives for September, 2026
Feynman’s 1949 paper – Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamics
Feynman’s Spacetime Approach to QED: Opening Pages Explained These opening two pages are Feynman’s roadmap for a new way of calculating quantum electrodynamics. He is not yet deriving the machinery;…
Peskin and Schroeder’s Problem 2.1 is really about a subtle question…
If Maxwell’s equations follow from a perfectly Lorentz- and gauge-invariant Lagrangian, why does the straightforward Noether energy–momentum tensor look neither symmetric nor gauge invariant? The solution has two stages: derive…
Vacuum energy of particle antiparticle pairs may be responsible for the value of cosmological constant?
In short, No. There is an enormous discrepancy. However, this did not strictly disprove the idea that vacuum energy contributes to the cosmological constant. It showed that the simplest quantum-field-theory…
Spaces that narrowly miss becoming Hilbert Spaces
A Hilbert space is a vector space with: an inner product, which defines lengths and angles; and completeness—every Cauchy sequence converges to an element still inside the space. Several important…