Minkowski proposed that time itself should be considered as one of the coordinate axes, alongside the three spatial dimensions

 

Lorentz Transformation: The concept of Lorentz transformations, which describe how measurements of space and time by two observers in uniform relative motion are related, becomes more intuitive in Minkowski’s spacetime.

The transformations are essentially rotations in four-dimensional space, preserving the spacetime interval between events​

Unified Description of Physical Reality: According to Minkowski, the measurements of space and time are different for different observers due to their relative motion, but both sets of measurements are equally valid. They are merely different descriptions of the same physical reality.